# Eight things that decide whether a bottle fizzes > Deanna Talerico breaks the second ferment into the variables that actually move carbonation, and is blunt about which bottles are safe to use. Topic: Carbonation Read it if bottles keep coming out flat, or if the bottles in the cupboard were bought for looks. ## The source under review - Article: Kombucha Carbonation Tips for a Bubbly Second Ferment - Published by: Homestead and Chill - Written by: Deanna Talerico - Kind of source: Working brewer - Dated: Updated May 2023 - URL: https://homesteadandchill.com/kombucha-carbonation-tips-second-ferment/ - Last checked by Kombrewcha: 2026-09-17 --- Flat kombucha is the most common disappointment of a first flavor run, and it is usually blamed on the wrong thing. This article takes the second ferment apart into eight variables and says what each one does, which turns a vague failure into something we can actually change, and the first bottle that opens with a proper hiss is worth the wait! 🎉 ## What it gets right It starts with the mechanism rather than the tips, and the article is much better for it: the first ferment is open to the air, the second is sealed, and it is that sealed stage where the yeast produce carbon dioxide with nowhere to go. Once that is clear, the eight variables stop reading as tricks and start reading as things that follow from it. The two that matter most for a flat bottle: - **What goes in with the kombucha.** The article suggests roughly 85–90% finished kombucha to 10–15% fruit, and notes that puréed fruit carbonates harder than chunks, because the sugars are more available to the yeast. Plain kombucha with nothing added carbonates least of all. A flat bottle is almost never a dead culture, which is what it feels like. It is usually just a bottle that was given nothing to work with! 😌 - **Burping.** The advice here is the opposite of the instinct: burping is not opening the bottle. It is lifting the latch barely enough to hear whether there is a hiss, then closing it again. Burp too often and the carbonation being built is let straight back out again! There is also a good note that refrigeration effectively stops the ferment, so chilling is the brake, and that a bottle should get another day or two after a burp before it goes cold. ## The part that is not optional **Bottle choice is a safety decision, not a preference.** The article is direct about this and it is right to be. Decorative bottles not built for pressure can burst. The author describes one that failed in her kitchen and scattered glass through two rooms. Two rules follow from that, and neither has an exception: - Use swing-top bottles rated for pressurized drinks. - Leave one to two inches of space at the neck. Do not fill to the top. ## What to bring back to a brew Change one variable at a time. The article gives eight, and the temptation after a flat batch is to change four at once (more fruit, warmer spot, longer sit, less burping), which teaches nothing about which one was the problem. Its timing guidance is looser than ours: it describes bottles sitting two to three weeks in cold conditions. We suggest two to five days at room temperature and refrigerating once the carbonation is where we want it, which is where most sources land and which keeps a long way clear of the pressure that breaks bottles. Longer is a judgment for someone who already knows their bottles and their kitchen. ## Worth knowing about the source Homestead and Chill is a long-running gardening and home-fermentation site, and this is a practitioner writing from her own bottles rather than from research. The reasoning is sound and the explanation of what is happening chemically is accurate. Treat the specific durations as one brewer's results rather than as a standard. --- This is a review by Kombrewcha of a third-party article. Kombrewcha is not affiliated with Homestead and Chill. Read the original at https://homesteadandchill.com/kombucha-carbonation-tips-second-ferment/.